Resources

Why is getting help early important?

The timing of professional intervention is crucial in managing a first episode of psychosis. Research shows that addressing symptoms of psychosis early on can improve a person’s outcomes. In simpler terms, the sooner an individual receives support, the better their chances are of a positive response to treatment and a path to recovery and well-being.

Recognizing Early Warning Signs

Recognizing the early warning signs of someone experiencing an early episode of psychosis is the first step towards treatment and recovery. Not every individual experiences or shows the same signs. Importantly, the below possible warning signs should be new or different for the individual (i.e. not something that has been typical for them) and can include:

  • Difficulty telling reality from fantasy
  • Confused speech or trouble communicating
  • Talking, mumbling, or laughing to oneself
  • Change in performance at school or work
  • Change in social life (starting to isolate)
  • Showing emotional responses that are not appropriate to the situation 
  • Trouble thinking clearly and logically
  • Suspiciousness, paranoid ideas, or uneasiness with others
  • Expressing fears of being watched or followed (e.g. needing curtains closed)
  • Unusual or overly intense ideas, strange feelings or a lack of feelings
  • Decline in self-care or personal hygiene
  • Disruption of sleep, including difficulty falling asleep and reduced sleep time

 

What is the best treatment for psychosis?

Every individual’s experience with psychosis is unique, meaning treatment approaches might vary based on a person’s needs. While one-size-fits-all doesn’t apply here, evidence-based practices emphasize a multidisciplinary approach for optimal results.

 

Here’s a look at some core interventions: 

Medication Management

  • A psychiatrist or prescriber can help address distressing positive symptoms with medication. Shared decision making includes the person in the process of identifying optimal dosages that maximize benefits and minimize side effects according to the person’s preferences. Finding the right medication can take time, and having open communication about what is working and what is not can make the process more successful.

 

Psychotherapy  

  • Therapists or counselors can facilitate open and non-judgmental conversations, as well as more structured sessions, that can assist individuals in gaining insights into their experiences and learn coping mechanisms and ways to navigate life with psychosis. There are a number of therapeutic interventions for psychosis, but the evidence base has most strongly recommended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) which focuses on reframing beliefs and Individual Resiliency Training (IRT) which focuses on educating the individual so they can be an active participant in their treatment. 

Family Education  

  • Evidence has shown that outcomes improve when natural supports are educated around psychosis, methods for communication, and have their own supports for self-care. There are a number of resources available for families including communication tips and techniques as well as support groups to connect with other families. 

Peer Support  

  • For someone experiencing psychosis, there's something profound in connecting with someone who's "been there” themselves. Certified Peer Support Workers (CPSWs) offer a safe space for individuals to share, relate, and feel comfortable knowing they're not alone.

Occupational Therapy

  • Individuals experiencing psychosis may have changes in their thinking that can impact their ability to function in school, work, or daily living. By enhancing and learning new daily life skills to manage symptoms, occupational therapy supports individuals in achieving independence and improving their overall quality of life despite the challenges posed by psychosis.

 

Connecting with Services – Getting Help (We’d like this to be a drop down) 

 

What is the usual referral process/pathway to care for seeking treatment for psychosis?

  • Navigating the healthcare system can sometimes feel overwhelming, especially when seeking help for psychosis. If you or your loved one is concerned about potential warning signs, and not in crisis, the referral process can begin with visiting your primary care physician or mental healthcare provider. They can assess symptoms and refer you to a specialized treatment facility or a provider specializing in psychosis for further assessment. Keeping your medical records handy and maintaining open communication with the referring doctor is always a good idea to ensure a seamless transition.
  • Often, families or individuals may not recognize early warning signs and first contact with services may be during a time of crisis.
    • If possible, to safely transport the individual to emergency services, this is preferrable. This may involve using communication techniques that focus on the individual’s distress rather than their observed symptoms. For example, “it seems like you are really scared. What if we went to go talk to someone who may be able to help?”
    • For individuals, it is always recommended that treatment or support be your decision. You have the power to make this choice for yourself.
    • If there concern for safety, first contact may be with law enforcement. Communicating to law enforcement that the situation is a “behavioral” or “mental health” concern is very important. It can help direct the individual to appropriate care (psychiatric emergency services) as well as influence how officers approach the situation. While families may have concerns that involving law enforcement may negatively impact their relationship with their loved one, this can be repaired. It is more important to keep everyone safe.

How do I communicate with providers about my loved one?

  • Effective communication with providers can help the treatment team understand the bigger picture and give the best care. Mental health providers, including inpatient teams, can always receive information about a patient. However, they may not be able to disclose information without the individual’s permission. Requesting a Release of Information (ROI) is always a good first step. It is important to remember that this is still the individual’s preference, and they may not want to disclose any or all information which should be respected as their right. It’s also beneficial to familiarize yourself with the agency/hospital’s policies and patient rights, as this can guide your interactions and provide clarity about an inpatient stay. When communicating with providers, be clear and specific about your concerns, observations, or any changes you’ve noticed. Remember, you’re an important voice. 

 

What is a treatment guardian?

  • A treatment guardian is an individual who is legally designated to be responsible for making medical or psychiatric treatment decisions on behalf of someone who, due to their mental state, may not be able to make informed decisions for themselves. The guardian must always act in the patient’s best interests, advocating for appropriate care while respecting their dignity and individual rights. The process for appointing a treatment guardian varies, but it generally involves legal procedures and a clear demonstration that the patient needs this aide.

Find Help Here:

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 1-800-950-NAMI (6264)

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357)

Early Assessment and Support Alliance (EASA), providing information and support to young people experiencing symptoms of psychosis for the first time.

24/7 Suicide Prevention & Crisis Hotline: 988
988lifeline.org